| ‘Make
            sure you watch the sunset from Van and sunrise from Tatvan;’ were
            the parting words of our friends when we set out from Bitlis for
            Tatvan, 27 km away. Tatvan lies on the western shore of Turkey’s
            largest lake, Lake Van, in the eastern region of the country. After
            settling into our hotel overlooking the lake, we watched the
            ferryboats lined up in the harbor, and for a moment I thought myself
            to be back in İstanbul looking out over the Marmara Sea. Then the
            unfamiliar snow topped mountains in the distance caught my eye. The
            ferryboats onto which goods wagons were being loaded one by one were
            not heading for Bandırma but for the city of Van on the opposite
            shore. Over the next few days I came to enjoy the repeated feeling
            of being on the shores of the Marmara each time we visited a new
            bay, followed by the realization that I was actually thousands of
            kilometers further east and this was Lake Van. With an area of 3713
            sq km it is almost a small inland sea, and most of its green
            shoreline is empty of habitation. 
              
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               We
            managed to stay awake for the famous sunrise. At 4.30 dawn broke
            over the waters of the lake, and before five o’clock the sun rose
            like a ball of fire over the horizon, painting the water red, and
            then reflecting onto the balcony of our hotel. As the sun rose in
            the sky it gradually lit up the town of Tatvan, awaiting discovery
            with the new day.
            
             First
            we decided to look out over Tatvan Bay from the slopes of Nemrut Dagı
            (not to be confused with the mountain of the same name and giant
            statue fame 300 km to the west near Adıyaman). After watching that
            matchless sunrise, it would be a perfect sequel to climb a mountain
            and enjoy a bird’s eye view over the western part of Lake Van. 
            
               It
            was still early in the morning when we arrived at the turnoff for Çekmece
            village, 1 km past where the road forks left to Bitlis. As we drove
            higher a spectacular view over Tatvan met our eyes. When we parked
            and got out of the car, shepherds offered to take us to a spot with
            an even better view. We climbed after them and found ourselves with
            Nemrut Crater Lake to our right and Lake Van visible in the distance
            to our left. If only we had had paragliders to fly over this wild
            and magnificent landscape. 
              
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               Tea
            was ready, and who could refuse some of the famous local herb
            cheese? After an unforgettable breakfast we said goodbye. The
            shepherds began to round up their flocks quickly, explaining that
            the animals were thirsty and it was milking time. As they began
            their descent, we shouldered our backpacks and set off towards the
            western end of the crater lake in the hope of finding a vantage
            point where we could see the whole lake. Each hill we climbed
            brought in sight another ahead to be climbed.
            
             Nemrut
            Dağı 20 km north of Tatvan rises to 3050 metres at the summit. At
            an altitude of 2400 metres, inside the world’s largest crater
            basin, are five lakes, the largest of which is Nemrut Crater Lake,
            also known as Soğuk Göl or Cold Lake. The water is indeed cold,
            which might not be surprising if it were not that the water of the
            nearby Küçük Göl (Small Lake) is hot. Nemrut Dağı began
            errupting in the Quaternary Period and continued its active volcanic
            life until the year 1441. As well as the five lakes, there are
            numerous hot springs on the mountain, whose lower slopes are made of
            basalt, the central part of andesite and trachyte, and the upper
            parts volcanic strata with a considerable quantity of volcanic
            glass. Repeated freezing and melting has eroded the top of the
            mountain so that it is relatively smooth. 
              
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               The
            mountain is the first stop for visitors to the area, not only for
            the spectacular scenery and views but also because the shores of the
            crater lake are home to a aide variety of plant and bird life. The
            former include poplars, service trees, oaks, willows, jumpers,
            barberry bushes, honeysuckle, snowdrops, wild roses, clog roses,
            motherwort, valereian and orchids, while bird watchers can catch
            glimpses of Egyptian and griffon vultures, velvet scoters,
            Montagu‘s harriers, golden eagles, lanners, Radde’s accentor and
            many others. In addition you can enjoy the unique experience of
            swimming in both cold and hot lake water! At weekends the shores of
            Lake Nemrut are filled with picnickers.
            
             Tatvan
            has grown considerably over recent years with the influx of migrants
            from rural areas. Its strategic position on the transit trade route
            between Turkey and Iran is the basis of the town’s economic
            vitality, which is reflected in the trade fair held here every July.
            Tatvan is clearly trying to break out of its shell, and is on the
            way to becoming a small city. At the same time its unspoilt natural
            setting lends it a resemblance to Turkey’s Aegean and
            Mediterranean resorts. For those interested in history it is
            possible to make day trips to the fascinating ancient ruins at
            Adilcevaz and Gevaş and the Seljuk tombs at Ahlat. And what about
            the Tatvan cuisine? After your hikes into the mountains and boat
            trips on the lake, you will have a  
              
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            appetite for the regional cooking. Tatvan’s most celebrated dish
            is büryan, made from goat’s meat roasted in a pit oven or tandır,
            and there are many other delicious specialities available in any
            local restaurant, such as afşor (a kind of soup), çorti aşı, içli
            köfte (stuffed meatballs), and çorti köftesi. The roads which run
            along the shores of the lake north and south of Tatvan reveal new
            bays around every bend, and if you have your own car then you can
            turn off the main road to explore the surroundings along earth
            tracks. We made one such detour just south of Tatvan, turning off
            onto the earth road which follows the shoreline, and like a seagull
            followed the ferryboat on the first part of its journey to Van. The
            road took us through the villages of Hanelmalı and Tokaçlı. On
            our return in the late afternoon we came across young fishermen on
            the lake shore. The children had waded up to their waists in the
            water to catch fish. Most of them had already filled their plastic
            bags with enough for that evening’s meal.
            
             We
            spent another evening in our hotel overlooking the lake, expectant
            of another marvelous sunrise the following morning. Tatvan is off
            the beaten tourist track, but has plenty of interest to offer those
            who head eastwards for their next break.
            
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